9. Fiscal Balance Shifts After COVID-19: Insights from Korea (2011-2024) and France (2005-2024) (Aug–Sep, 2025)
source : 열린재정 (data: 2011-2024, monthly)
The managed fiscal balance experienced increased dispersion following COVID-19 and has remained tilted to the downside until recently.
source : Budgetary directorate (data: 2005-2024, monthly)
France shows little post-COVID dispersion; instead, the balance has recently been exposed to pronounced downside risks.